Anticancer effect of the fruit and seed extracts of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) on human cancer cell lines

Purpose: To investigate anticancer effects of Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia) fruit and seed extracts on some cancer cell lines.
 Methods: Human lines, including lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) T (Jurkat) were incubated with the (0 - 0.8 mg/mL) for 72 h. The cytotoxic determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- dipenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A549 MCF-7 cells treated ethanol extract (FE) 24 h stained propidium iodide (PI) analysis cycle arrest flow cytometry. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining along cytometry caspase-3 assays carried out to determine apoptosis FE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion exposed 1 was enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell invasion applied detect migration after treatment 48 h.
 Results: Ethanol resulted in 90, 92, 85 87 % cytotoxicity against K562, A549, Jurkat respectively. However, (SE) less effective (?42 %) cells. Acetone (FA) caused 82, 75 59 MCF-7, K562 cells, respectively, whereas 20 observed Dose analyses indicated that had lowest IC50 value (0.082 mg/mL). In addition, accumulation S phase cycle. Moreover, apoptotic death or extract. While LPS 19-fold increase VEGF secretion, combination 9.6-fold decrease indicating antiangiogenic activity Furthermore, led a significant invasive properties PC-3 when compared untreated cells.
 Conclusion: Among M. extracts, displayed highest potency may be potential source development compounds future.